Therefore, to further investigate the role of L-serine in the chick brain, we examined the effect of L-serine on the external environment of cells using acute brain slices. The action of cells can be observed in real time using brain slice cultures. In either case, an increase of L-serine by L-serine supplementation can influence brain function as a result of modulation of substances through these metabolic pathways.īrain slice preparations are well established models for a wide spectrum of in vitro investigations in neuroscience. These facts suggest that L-serine and other substances related to Lserine metabolism have neurochemical effects, and these effects can be either excitatory or inhibitory. On the other hand, L-serine is supposed to act as an agonist of the GABA A receptor in the chick brain, and L-serine converted to glycine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. ![]() The L-serine precursor L-phosphoserine has been proposed as a possible endogenous agonist or coagonist at the Group Ш metabotropic glutamate receptors, while the L-serine metabolite D-serine is a co-agonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of the ionotropic glutamate receptor. In this pathway, L-serine is converted from L-phosphoserine by phosphoserine phosphatase. In the mammalian CNS, most of the L-serine is synthesized via a route known as the phosphorylated L-serine pathway. However, the precise mechanism by which administered L-serine induces anti-stress like effects was unclear. Further, it was reported that daily intake of L-serine attenuated symptoms induced by isolation stress in rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Lserine and its derivatives glycine and L-cysteine induced sedative and hypnotic effects under isolation-induced stress in neonatal chicks. conducted a series of experiments to investigate the relationship between L-serine in the CNS and stress-related behavior of animals using the chick separation-stress paradigm. It has been reported that externally supplemented Lserine has anti-stress effects in animals. These facts indicate the importance of L-serine in the central nervous system (CNS). reported that L-serine increased the viability and promoted the growth of dendrites in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. This pathway is essential for normal embryonic development, especially for brain morphogenesis. Furthermore, results from phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh) null knockout mice show that the Phgdh-dependent pathway of de novo synthesis is the principal source of L-serine in developing embryos. However, these symptoms are treatable with oral supplementation of L-serine alone or in combination with glycine. Patients with this syndrome suffer from serious neurological symptoms such as congenital microcephaly, seizures and severe psychomotor retardation. Serine-deficiency syndrome, a congenital disease associated with an inborn error endogenous L-serine biosynthesis suggests that L-serine is vital for humans. L-Serine, a non-essential amino acid, is an important metabolic precursor in the synthesis of proteins, sphingolipids, other amino acids and nucleotides. In conclusion, L-serine modifies the metabolism of taurine and L-alanine in the extracellular space in chick brain. These results suggest that L-serine has an ability to promote L-alanine synthesis facilitating the catabolism of taurine. Na + had no effect on taurine concentration induced by L-serine perfusion. To examine the involvement of the taurine transporter, the effect of L-serine on the taurine concentration in the presence and absence of Na + was also investigated. ![]() Taurine concentration decreased while L-alanine concentration increased following L-serine perfusion. We investigated the changes in some extracellular fluid amino acid concentrations in response to L-serine perfusion. The present study clarifies the action of L-serine using acute chick brain slices. Accordingly, while L-serine is a candidate anti-stress factor, the central mechanism of L-serine is not clear. L-Serine is considered a functional amino acid in the central nervous system, and induces sedation and hypnotic effects in some animal models of acute and chronic stress. Keywords: L-Serine, Chick, Brain Slice, Taurine, L-Alanine 1Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 2FANCL Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan 3Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA 4Human Life Science R&D Center, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan.Į-mail: March 30 th, 2011 revised May 24 th, 2011 accepted July 10 th, 2011.
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